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Schlichtes Gebiet
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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Contents
β’ Definition
β’ Motivation
β’ FlΓ€che
β’ Literatur
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
Definition
Seien g , h β β C ( [ a , b ] ) {\displaystyle g,h\in C([a,b])} stetige Funktionen mit g β€ β€ h {\displaystyle g\leq h} . Dann heiΓt
G = { ( x , y ) β β R 2 | a β€ β€ x β€ β€ b , g ( x ) β€ β€ y β€ β€ h ( x ) } {\displaystyle G=\lbrace (x,y)\in \mathbb {R} ^{2}\;|\;a\leq x\leq b,\;g(x)\leq y\leq h(x)\rbrace }
(mit reellen Zahlen a < b {\displaystyle a<b} ) ein Normalbereich bezΓΌglich der x {\displaystyle x} -Achse. Analog gilt das im R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} , indem jeweils jede Koordinate einmal in festen Grenzen betrachtet wird und alle anderen Koordinatengrenzen als Graph stetiger Funktionen.
Motivation
Das Integrieren einer stetigen Funktion f : : G β β R {\displaystyle f\colon G\to \mathbb {R} } ΓΌber einem Normalgebiet G {\displaystyle G} lΓ€sst sich mit dem Satz von Fubini auf die Berechnung eindimensionaler Integrale zurΓΌckfΓΌhren:
β« β« G f ( x , y ) d ( x , y ) = β« β« a b ( β« β« g ( x ) h ( x ) f ( x , y ) d y ) d x {\displaystyle \int _{G}f(x,y)\,\mathrm {d} (x,y)=\int _{a}^{b}\left(\int _{g(x)}^{h(x)}f(x,y)\,\mathrm {d} y\right)\mathrm {d} x}
FlΓ€che
FΓΌr gewΓΆhnlich ist eine der ersten Anwendungen der Integralrechnung in der Schule die Berechnung der FlΓ€che eines schlichten Gebietes. Die FlΓ€che des Gebietes G = { ( x , y ) β β R 2 | a < x < b , g ( x ) < y < h ( x ) } {\displaystyle G=\lbrace (x,y)\in \mathbb {R} ^{2}\;|\;a<x<b,\;g(x)<y<h(x)\rbrace } errechnet sich durch folgendes Integral:
β« β« a b ( h ( x ) β β g ( x ) ) d x {\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}(h(x)-g(x))\,\mathrm {d} x} .
Kompliziertere Gebiete setzt man anschlieΓend oft aus schlichten Gebieten zusammen.
Literatur
β’ Harro Heuser, Lehrbuch der Analysis Teil 2, Teubner, Stuttgart, 1992, ISBN 3-519-12232-4